The negative effects of any perceived complicity in human rights violations carried out by; on behalf of; or with the acquiescence of extractive industry companies, have potentially far reaching effects.

These effects could include:

Criminal Prosecution by State Instrument

Civil Law Suit; most prevalent US Alien Tort Claims Act (1789)

Criminal Prosecution by International or National instrument e.g. International Criminal Court, US Racketeer Influenced and Corrupt Organizations Act (RICO Act)

Adverse NGO/Media attention, investigation and reporting

Negative impact on company share value and reputation

Loss of community, governmental or other stakeholder support